This awesome blogger theme comes under a Creative Commons license. They are free of charge to use as a theme for your blog and you can make changes to the templates to suit your needs.
RSS

Tenses

TENSES
·         Pengertian
Tenses adalahperubahan verb (kata kerja) yang dipengaruhiwaktuterjadinyaperistiwa/ perbuatandantingkatkesempurnaansuatuperbuatanatauperistiwa yang terjadi.
Tenses berkaitandenganwaktunyaterdiridari 4 macam :
1.       Present Tense                   : waktusekarang
2.       Pest Tense                          : waktulampau (cerita)
3.       Future Tense                     : waktu yang akandatang (rencana)
4.       Past Future Tense           : rencanamasalalu yang gagal
Masing-masing tenses mempunyaitingkatkesempurnaan, yaitu :
1.       Simple                                  :General time of action (aktivitasumum)
2.       Continous                           : Specific time of action (waktutertentuuntukaktifitas)
3.       Perfect                                 : result of action (hasilsuatuaktifitas)
4.       Perfect Continous           : Duration of action (lama/jaraksuatuaktifitas)
Makajumlahkeseluruhantentesada 16 tenses.
·         Using Auxilary
S
Do
Tobe
Perfect
Future
present
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
Present
Past
I
Do
Did
Am
Was
Have
Had
Shall/ Will
Should/ Would
WE
Are
Were
YOU
Will
Would
THEY
HE
Does
Is
Was
Has
SHE
IT

·         Using Summer of tenses ( RingkasanPenggunaan tenses)
PRESENT
Simple
S + V1 + s/es + O
Contionous
S + tobe (is, am, are) + Ving + O
Perfect
S + have/has + V3 + O
Perfect continous
S + have/has + been + Ving + O






PAST
Simple
S + V2 + O
Contionous
S + tobe (was,were) + Ving + O
Perfect
S + Had + V3 + O
Perfect continous
S + Had + Been + Ving + O



FUTURE
Simple
S + Will/shall + V1 + O
Contionous
S + will/shall + be + Ving + O
Perfect
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Perfect continous
S + will/shall + Have + been + Ving + O



PAST FUTURE
Simple
S + would/should + V1 + O
Contionous
S + would/should + be + Ving + O
Perfect
S + would/should + have + V3 + O
Perfect continous
S + would/should + have + been + Ving + O

1.   THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
A.      PolaKalimat Verbal
S
V1 (s/es)
O
He
drives
A car
(diamengendaraimobil)
S
Aux
Not
V1
O
He
does
not
drive
A car
(diatidakmengendaraimobil)
Aux
S
V1
O
Does
He
drive
A car ?
(apakahdiamengendaraimobil?)
B.      PolaKalimat Nominal
S
tobe
Adjective
She
is
beautiful
(diaperempuancantik)
S
tobe
not
Adjective
She
is
not
beautiful
(diatidakcantik)
tobe
S
Adjective
Is
She
Beautiful ?

(apakahdiacantik ?)
Time Signal
·      Adverb of frequency
      Always            : selalu
      Sometimes   : kadang
      Usually           : biasanya
      Often              : sering
      Generaly       : umumnya
      Ever                 : pernah
      Seldom           : jarang
      Never             : tidakpernah
·      Adverb of Quantity
      Once in ……                   : sekalidalam ….
      Once a day …               : sekalisehari …
      Once a week ….          : sekaliseminggu ….
·      Adverb of time
      Every ….                         : setiap ….
      Today                              : hariini
      This day                          : hariini



2.   PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
tobe
V+ing
O
he
is
reading
A book
(diasedangmembacabuku)
s
tobe
not
V+ing
O
he
is
not
reading
A book
(diasedangtidakmembacabuku)
tobe
S
V+ing
O
Is
He
reading
A book
(apakahdiasedangmembacabuku ?)
B.      PolaKalimat Nominal
Simple Present
Present continuous
I’m student
I’m not student
Am I student ?
I’m student now
I’m not student now
am I student now?

Time signal
now                             : sekarang
Still                               : masih
At present                                : sekarangini
At this moment      :padasaatini
Right now                  : sekarangini
This morning            : pagiini
This afternoon        : sore ini
Today                          : hariini
Tonight                       : malamini
3.   PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
A.      PolaKalimat Verbal
S
Aux
V3
O
Ani
has
studied
english
(AnitelahbelajarbahasaInggris)
S
Aux
Not
V3
O
Ani
Has
not
studied
English
          (anibelumbelajarbahasaInggris)
Aux
S
V3
O
has
Ani
studied
English?
          (apakahAnitelahbelajarbahasaInggris?)
B.      PolaKalimat Nominal
S
Aux
been
adj
She
has
been
happy
        (diatelahbahagia)
S
Aux
Not
been
adj
She
Has
not
been
happy
(diatelahtidakbahagia)
Aux
S
been
adj
Has
she
been
Happy?
        (apakahdiatelahbahagia?)
Time Signal
Up to now                   : sampaisekarang
Almost                          : hamper
Already                        : sudah
Never                           : tidakpernah
Until now                    : sampaisekarang
Just (now)                   : barusaja
Still                                 : masih
4.   PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
A.      PolaKalimatVerbal
S
Aux
Been
Ving
Adv
My sister
Has
been
Crying
For an hour
(adikkutelahmenangisselama 1 jam)
S
aux
Not
been
Ving
adv
My sister
Has
not
Been
crying
For an hour
(adikkutelahtidakmenangisselama 1 jam)
Aux
S
Been
Ving
Adv
has
My sister
been
Crying
For an hour?
(apakahadikkutelahmengangisselama 1 jam?)
Time signal
For …..                          : selama
Since …. Ago               : sejak …. Yang lalu
Recently                      : baru-baruini
Lately                            : akhir-akhirini
For about                    : selamakira-kira
The whole day          : sepanjanghari
This week                    : mingguini
B.      PolaKalimat Nominal
Present perfect
He has been sick
Present perfect continous
He has been sick for 2 weeks





5.   SIMPLE PAST
A.      PolaKalimat Verbal
S
V2
Adv/ place
Adv/time
jhony
Went
To Jombang
Yesterday
(jhonypergikeJombangkemarin)
S
aux
Not
V1
Adv/place
Adv/time
Jhony
Did
not
Go
To Jombang
Yesterday
(jhonytidakpergikeJombangkemarin)
Aux
S
V1
Adv/ place
Adv/ time
did
Jhony
go
To Jombang
Yesterday?
(apakahjonypergikeJombangkemarin ?)
B.      PolaKalimat Nominal
S
tobe
Adj
Adv/ time
you
Were
tired
Yesterday
(kamulelahkemarin)
S
tobe
Not
adj
Adv/ time
you
Were
not
Tired
yesterday
(kamutidaklelahkemarin)
Tobe
S
Adj
Adv/ time
were
You
tired
Yesterday?
(apakahkamulelahkemarin?)
Time signal
Yesterday ……            : kemarin
Last …..                         : …… lalu
…… ago                         :…….Lalu
This morning              : pagitadi
Just now                      : tadi
6.   SIMPLE PAST CONTINOUS
A.      PolaKalimat Verbal
S
tobe
V+ing
O
Adv/time
i
Was
watching
TV
Yesterday night
(akumenonton TV kemarinmalam)
S
tobe
Not
V+ing
O
Adv/time
i
Was
not
Watching
TV
Yesterday night
(akutidakmenonton TV kemarinmalam)
Tobe
S
V+ing
O
Adv/time
was
I
watching
TV
Yesterday night?
(apakahakumenonton TV kemarinmalam?)



B.    PolaKalimat Nominal
Simple past
I was sick yesterday
Past continous
I was sick yesterday night
C.      Time Signal
        yesterday
        two weeks ago
        last ……
        this morning
7.   SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
V3
O
you
Had
visited
Her
(kamutelahmengunjungidia)
S
aux
Not
V3
O
You
Had
not
Visited
her
(kamutelahtidakmengunjungidia)
Aux
s
V3
O
had
You
visited
Her?
(apakahkamutelahmengunjungidia?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
S
aux
Been
adj
you
Had
been
Happy
(kamutelahbahagia)
S
aux
not
Been
O
you
had
Not
been
Happy
(kamutidakbahagia)
Aux
s
Been
O
had
You
been
Happy?
(apakahkamutelahbahagia?)
C.      Time signal
After             : setelah
Before          : sebelum
As soon as   : sesegera
When            : ketika
8.   SIMPLE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
A.      Polakalimay verbal
S
aux
Been
V+ing
O
adv
you
Had
been
Watering
flower
For 2 minutes
(kamutelahmenyiramibungaselamaduamenit)
S
aux
Not
been
V+ing
O
Adv
you
Had
not
Been
watering
Flower
For 2 minutes
(kamutidakmenyiramibungaselama 2 menit)
aux
S
Been
V+ing
O
adv
had
you
been
Watering
flower
For 2 minutes?
(apakahkamutelahmenyiramibungaselama 2 menit?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
PP
He had been here when ….
PPC
He had been here for 2 weeks when ….

C.      Time signal
For … when….            : selama … ketika
By the end of ….       : menjelangakhir
Since … when …        : sejak … ketika
9.   SIMPLE FUTURE
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
V1
O
Adv
he
Will
read
A newspaper
tomorrow
(diaakanmembawakoranbesok)
S
aux
Not
V1
O
adv
he
Will
not
Read
A newspaper
tomorrow
(diatidakakanmembaca Koran besok)
aux
S
V1
O
Adv
Will
he
read
A newspaper
Tomorrow?
(apakahdiaakanmembaca Koran besok?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
S
aux
Be
O
Adv
he
Will
be
A doctor
Next year
(diaakanmenjadidoktertahundepan)
S
aux
Not
be
O
adv
he
Will
not
Be
A doctor
Next year
(diatidakakanmenjadidoktertahundepan)
aux
s
Be
O
Adv
will
he
be
A doctor
Next year?
(apakahdiaakanmenjadidoktertahundepan?)
C.      Time signal
Tonight                         : nantimalam
This weekend            : akhirmingguini
Next …                          : …. Depan
Soon                              : segera
10.                SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINOUS
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
Be
V+ing
Adv
he
Will
be
Sleeping
Tomorrow night
(diaakantidurbesokmalam)
S
aux
not
be
V+ing
adv
he
Will
not
Be
sleeping
Tomorrow night
(diatakakantidurbesokmalam)
aux
s
Be
V+ing
Adv
will
he
be
Sleeping
Tomorrow night?
(apakahdiaakantidurbesokmalam?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
Simple future
I will be here tomorrow
Future continous
I will be here tomorrow morning

C.      Time signal
Tomorrow morning                 : besokpagi
Next week on Sunday           : minggudepanpadahariminggu
11.                SIMPLE FUTURE PERFECT
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
Have
V3
O
adv
i
Will
have
Finished
My work
By the end this month
(akuakantelahmenyelesaikanpekerjaankupadaakhirbulanini)
S
aux
Not
Have
V3
O
adv
i
Will
not
have
Finished
My work
By the end this month
(akuakantelahtidakmenyelesaikanpekerjaankupadaakhirbulanini)
Aux
s
Have
V3
O
adv
will
I
have
Finished
My work
By the end this month?
(apakahakuakantelahmenyelesaikanpekerjaankuapaakhirbulanini?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
S
Aux
Have
been
Adv/place
Adv/time
they
Will
have
Been
here
By tomorrow morning
(merekaakantelahsampaidisinimenjelangbesokpagi)
S
aux
Not
have
Been
Adv/palce
Adv/time
they
Will
not
Have
been
Here
By tomorrow morning
(merekabelumsampaidisinimenjelangbesokpagi)
Aux
S
Have
been
Adv/place
Adv/time
will
they
have
Been
here
By tomorrow morning?
(apakahmerekatelahsampaidisinimenjelangbesokpagi?)
C.      Time signal
Tomorrow                   : besok
By the end of …        : menjelangakhir …
By the next week    : menjelangminggudepan
In two next years time: dalam waktu2 tahun
12.                SIMPLE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
Have
been
V+ing
O
Adv/time
nina
Will
have
Been
studying
English
For 4 months by the end of this month
(ninatelahbelajarbahasainggrisselamaempatbulanpadaakhirbulanini)
S
aux
Not
have
Been
V+ing
O
Adv/time
nina
Will
not
Have
been
Studying
english
For 4 months by the end of this month
(ninatelahtidakbelajarbahasainggrisselamaempatbulanpadaakhirbulanini)
Aux
s
Have
been
V+ing
O
Adv/time
will
Nina
have
Been
studying
English
For 4 months by the end of this month?
( apakahninatelahbelajarbahasainggrisselamaempatbulanpadaakhirbulanini?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
FP
Najarudin will have been here tomorrow
FPC
Najarudin will have been here for 2 months by this month

C.      Time signal
By the end …..                           : menjelangakhir
For … by …                                   : selama … menjelang …
By this time next …                  : selama … depan
13.                SIMPLE PAST FUTURE
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
V1
o
Adv
nita
Would
visit
Dandy
Last week
(nitaakanmengunjungi dandy minggulalutapi ….)
S
aux
Not
V1
O
adv
nita
Would
not
Visit
dandy
Last week
(nitatidakakanmengunjungi dandy minggulalutapi …)
Aux
s
V1
o
Adv
will
Nita
visit
Dandy
Last week?
(apakahnitaakanmengunjungi dandy minggulalu?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
S
aux
Be
O/noun
Adv
i
Would
be
A doctor
Yesterday ....
(sayaakanmenjadidokterkemarin , tapi ….)
S
aux
Not
be
o/noun
adv
i
Would
not
Be
A doctor
Yesterday
(sayatidakakanmenjadidokterkemarin, tapi …)
Aux
s
Be
O/noun
Adv
would
I
be
A doctor
Yesterday?
(apakahsayaaknmenjadidokterkemarin?)
C.      Time signal
Yesterday                    : kemarin
Last …                            : kemarin …
… ago                            : …. Yang lalu
14.                SIMPLE PAST FUTURE CONTINOUS
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
Be
V+ing
O
adv
hakim
Would
be
Cleaning
This room
Yesterday morning …
(hakimakanmembersihkankamarnyakemarin, tapi …)
S
aux
Not
be
V+ing
o
Adv
hakim
Would
not
Be
cleaning
This room
Yesterday morning …
(hakimtidakakanmembersihkankamarnyakemarin , tapi …)
Aux
s
Be
V+ing
O
adv
woud
Hakim
be
Cleaning
This room
Yesterday morning?
(apakahhasimakanmembersihkankamarnyakemarinpagi?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
Polanyasamadengan Simple Past Future hanyamerubahketeranganwaktu
C.      Time signal
Yesterday morning                  : kemarinpagi
On Wednesday last week    : padaharirabuminggulalu
15.                SIMPLE PAST FUTURE PERFECT
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
aux
Have
V3
O
Adv
hisam
Would
have
Done
His homework
Last night , …
(hisamseharusnyasudahmengerjakanPRnyasejaktadimalam, tapi …)
S
aux
Not
have
V3
O
Adv
hisam
Would
not
Have
Done
His homework
Last night , …
(hisamseharusnyatidakmengerjakanPRnyatadimalam , tapi …)
Aux
s
Have
V3
O
Adv
would
Hisam
have
Done
His homework
Last night ?
(apakahseharunyahiammengerjakanPRnyatadimalam?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
S
aux
Have
been
o/noun
Adv/time
she
Would
have
Been
A teacher
Last year , ….
(diaseharusnyasudahmenjadiseorang guru tahunlalu , tapi …)
S
aux
Not
have
Been
o/noun
Adv
she
Would
not
Have
been
A teacher
Last year , ..
(diaseharusnyatelahtidakmenjadi guru tahunlalu , tapi ..)
Aux
s
Have
been
o/noun
Adv/time
would
She
have
Been
A teacher
Last year ?
(apakahdiaseharusyasudahmenjadi guru tahunlalu?)
C.      Time signal
Last ….
Two months ago
Yesterday



16.                SIMPLE PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS
A.      Polakalimat verbal
S
Aux
have
Been
V+ing
Adv
adv
She
would
Have
been
Staying
here
For 2 months
(diaseharusnyatelahtinggaldisiniselama 2 bulan , tapi …)
S
aux
Not
have
Been
V+ing
Adv
adv
she
Would
not
Have
been
Staying
here
For 2 months
(diaseharusnyatelahtidaktinggaldisiniselama 2 bulan , tapi …)
Aux
s
have
Been
V+ing
Adv
adv
would
She
Have
been
Staying
here
For 2 months?
(apakahseharusnyadiatelahtinggaldisiniselama 2 bulan?)
B.      Polakalimat nominal
Polanyasamadenganpolakalimat nominal Past Future Perfect, hanyamerubah time signalnyasaja
C.      Time signal
For …. By last month               : selama… menjelangbulanlalu
For … by last year                     : selama … menjelangtahunlalu
For … yesterday                        : selama … kemarin
Diposting oleh Unknown di 03.12

0 komentar:

Posting Komentar

Langganan: Posting Komentar (Atom)